Steam-turbine.



F. LJUNGSTROMi STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4, 1913.

1,082,886. Patented Dec.30,1913.

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. acted on by tl UNITED STATES FREDRIK LJUNGsTRoM, or STOCKHOLM, swEDEN, LJUNGstrRoMs ANGTURBIN,

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Applic tion filed February 4, 1513.

Patented Dec. 30, 1913. Serial No. 746,167.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at 2 Drottningholmsvagen, Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Turbines, of which the following is a specication.

The parts of turbines which are heated by the actuating fluid tend to displace by their consequent expansion the labyrinth packings and blade rings carried thereby.

uch expansion and displacement are especially injurious in the case of discharging disks inserted between the turbine wheel and the casing, such disks being directly ie steam or other heated fluid and provided with labyrinth packings on their inner faces, which will naturally be moved in line with the axis of the shaft and toward the rotary turbine disks. As a result, a greater normal interval must be provided between these parts on both sides of the turbine than would otherwise be necessary or than is best for its operation; unless some means of compensation be emploved. Also such means are needed to keep the said intervals constant and therefore properly efficacious, notwithstanding the changes in temperature of the discharge disks. As such compensating means I employ eonoidal connecting rings expansible under the influence of heat and interposed between the turbine casing and the discharging disks, the said ring tending to flatten as they expand and thereby operating to draw back the discharging disks. compensating for the expansion of said disks before mentioned and maintaining unchanged the intervals between these disks and the rotary turbine. Connections of the same kind are made when desirable between the turbine casing and the turbogenerator casing exterior thereto.

In the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 represents a vertical central section of a. turbine and its casing, embodying my invention; and Fig. 2 represents a similar view of a turbine casing and exterior casing, with connections as above, also embodying my invention. p p

The turbine-casing a supports within it the discharging disks having internal chambers supplied with steam by tubes d, this space communicating with the spaces of that I, FREDRIK LJUxos'rnoM. i

, rinth pa cl the two turbine disks e, which rotate in 0pposite directions with their alined shafts f and are separated from disks 6 by labynngs n.

Concidal connecting ring r having their larger diameter normally inward toward the turbine connect the two disks b to the proximate parts of easing a. They have reinforced and rounded edges which fit pivotally into correspondingly shaped grooves of the said disks and casing. The-larger and inner part of each ring being more exposed to the steam than the outer part is more greatly expanded by the heat, tendmg to give the ring a fiat OI annular disk form and thereby to draw the connected discharge disk away from the proximate turbine disk. Thus the expanding action of the heat is made toneutralize itself and maintain an interval. of constant breadth between the discharge This ('fOlllPGllSilllllQ action is the same for both discharge disks and equal on both sides of the turbine, which therefore works regailarly and without accidental variation.

As shown in Fig; the eonoidal rings 9 may also be employed to connect the turbine casing a with an outercasing Z which supports the tiirbogeiwrators 7. This will be useful whenever the casing a, is heated considerably more than an surrounding parts, for example, when exhaust. steam of back pressure turbines is used. In this instance the lateral expansion of the casing a might cause injury if there were no inter vening part that could yield between it and I the i'rame Z, hence there is a real advantage in the rings which correspondingly change I their term and permit such expansion.

in the. construction shown by Fig. l the rings 1 will similarly permit the outward expansion of the disks 6 besides drawing them in that direction, as before described. The inclination of the conoidal rings Shonlddn either case be such that lines drawn at right angles thereto from the larger peripheries of said rings will cross each other on the axial line of the shafts f in the middle of the turbine, see broken lines 11 of Figs. .1. and 2. There will be a less degree, of withdrawing action on the discharge disks if a ditlercnt inclination be chosen.

Th form disk and turbine disk.

e rings 9" may be somewhat varied in and need not always be pivotally connected at their edges. It is only necessary that their securing points in the two parts lie ondifl erent radii. Having thus described my invcntiom w'nat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent isz' 1. In combination With two parts of a. tut

bine structure arranged in parallel planes transversely to the axis of the shaft, a connecting device between said parts, expansible under the action of heatand adapted to compensate for the movement of one of said parts by heat-expansion, the said device be in connected with the said two parts at points lying on different radii.

2. In combination with a casing a par; of a turbine Sil'UCtUIG within the same subject to the heating action of the aciuating fluid with consequent expansion and a coi'inecting conoidal ring.

3 111 combination with a turbine casing, a discharging disk arranged to be heated by the actuating fluid} a, turbine-disk in proximity thereto and a conoidal ring connectdisk to said casing and 111;; said c schaiging unequally for drawing adapted to expand l l' l'lit f nae: sax clscuiai e Us 0 compensate 01 l I l fineness the displacement of the operative surface of the latter by expansion.

l. in combination with the rotary disks of a turbine, a pair of relatively stationary discharging disks in proximity thereto, having steam chambers, means for supplying said clin1nbers,-a casing and a pair of conoidal expansible rings connecting said discharge (lisks'and casing, the larger parts of said rings engaging the said disks and by the grcaici-iexpansion of such parts operating to flatten and draw back the discharge-disks as set forth.

5. In combination with a grooved discharge-disk and a grooved casing, a conoidal connecting ring reinforced and rounded at its edges which fit pivotally into said grooves, lhe larger edge being in engagement with said disk, means for'snpplying steam to the latter and a rotary turbine in proximity thereto.

In testimony whereof I have aiiixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

FREDRIK LJUN GSTROM.

Wiinesses 1 Fnnnnn; Gn'mnixnnoing Gnn'm Pnmn. 

